Seventeenth-century historians and lawyers who studied the Middle Ages decided to give a common name to the diverse landowner-tenant arrangements that existed in northwest Europe during the Middle Ages, starting with the collapse of Charlemagne's empire in the late ninth century and declining. Landless peasants known as serfs did most of the work on the fiefs: They planted and harvested crops. It drew a clear line separating social classes and created codependency between the rich and the poor. Feudal society provided stability, security, and protection throughout the period of the early Middle Ages and aided in the development of political. Only group of people who could read and write in the Middle Ages Monks & church leaders This social system in Europe developed out of a need for protection from barbaric invasions Feudalism The top of the Feudal hierarchy - original landowners who are figureheads Kings & Queens Given land from a King in exchange for loyalty Nobles / Lords Land Fief Free person who is granted land from a lord in exchange for loyalty or military service Vassal Ceremony by which a vassal pledges loyalty to a lord & acknowledges feudal obligations Homage Small, self-sufficient estates of Medieval Europe ran by a noble Manor Nobles provided this to peasants. The term feudal is a tricky one, because few scholars can quite agree on what it means these days. In a feudal society, the king granted large pieces of land called fiefs to noblemen and bishops. Feudalism played a role in the Middle Ages.
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